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History · Reference dataset

Declaration of Independence

On July 2, 1776, after months of deliberation and while directing battle in the colonies and Canada, the Second Continental Congress voted to declare the “united States of America” separate and independent from Britain. On July 4, the Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration, written primarily by Thomas Jefferson. Copies were immediately printed and distributed throughout the colonies and the continental troops. On July 9, with the approval of the last colony, New York, the Declaration became the “unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America.” On August 2, 1776, the printed Declaration was signed by most of the congressional delegates, the final signature affixed in 1781 by the New Hampshire delegate.

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Preview of Declaration of Independence
ID Text Notes Grievance
48 Matthew Thornton New Hampshire
47 Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott Connecticut
46 Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery Rhode Island
45 John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry Massachusetts; As president of the Congress, Hancock signed first, at top center.
44 Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple New Hampshire
43 Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark New Jersey
42 William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris New York
41 Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean Delaware
40 Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross Pennsylvania
39 George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton Virginia

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Last checked against sources: October 15, 2026.

Last changed: October 15, 2026. This is when we last changed the data or its description. It doesn’t mean the data runs up to that date.

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