Language & Reference · Reference dataset
Logical Fallacies
Logical fallacies and their types, with explanations and examples.
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The 10 most recently added of 52 records · Select a column heading to sort.
| ID | Name | Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43 | Appeal to hypocrisy | Informal | Dismisses a point by noting an inconsistency | Your diet advice is void because you eat cake |
| 44 | Ambiguity | Informal | Exploits vague or unclear wording to mislead | The sign said fine for parking so I parked freely |
| 45 | Fallacy of the single cause | Informal | Blames one cause for a many sided outcome | The crash had one cause and nothing else mattered |
| 46 | Association fallacy | Informal | Judges a thing by the company it keeps | That car is bad because a criminal once drove one |
| 47 | Affirming the consequent | Formal | Infers the cause from the effect invalidly | If it rains the ground is wet, it is wet, so it rained |
| 48 | Denying the antecedent | Formal | Denies the cause to wrongly deny the effect | If it rains it is wet, it did not rain, so it is dry |
| 49 | Undistributed middle | Formal | Links two groups through an unshared middle term | All cats are animals, all dogs are animals, so cats are dogs |
| 50 | Affirming a disjunct | Formal | Rejects one option because another one holds | She is a poet or a teacher, she is a poet, so not a teacher |
| 51 | Masked man fallacy | Formal | Swaps identical terms inside a belief claim | I know my brother, not the masked man, so they differ |
| 52 | Base rate fallacy | Formal | Ignores overall frequency for specific detail | A rare disease test is positive so I surely have it |
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Scope and sources
Last checked against sources: October 16, 2026.
Last changed: July 20, 2026. This is when we last changed the data or its description. It doesn’t mean the data runs up to that date.
- Wikipedia: List of fallacies (used with permission)
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